Type species: Lepralia jeffreysi Norman, 1876
Synonyms | Author | Type Species |
---|---|---|
Alismittina | Soule & Soule, 1964 | Smittia californiensis Robertson, 1908 |
This genus includes the species:
Ramalho, Taylor. & Moraes, 2018 | Recent | West Pacific Brazil | WoRMS 1299459 | |
Dick, Ngai & Doan, 2020 | Recent | South China Sea Vietnam | WoRMS 1424310 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470477 | |
(Canu & Bassler, 1929) | Recent | West Pacific Philippines | WoRMS 1035374 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470430 | |
Osburn, 1952 | Recent | Alaska | WoRMS 470454 | |
Ramalho, Muricy & Taylor, 2011 | Recent | West Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 573180 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | Alaska | WoRMS 387446 | |
Winston & Jackson, 2021 | Recent | Caribbean Jamaica | WoRMS 1516121 | |
Ramalho & Moraes, 2021 | Recent | West Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 1497610 | |
Cheetham & Sandberg, 1964 | Holocene | USA (Gulf of Mexico) | WoRMS 422341 | |
(Brown, 1952) | Recent | New Zealand | WoRMS 470458 | |
(Canu & Bassler, 1927) | Recent | Hawaii, Brazil, Belize, Mauritius(?) | WoRMS 470410 | |
(Powell, 1967) | Recent | New Zealand | WoRMS 722987 | |
Guha & Gopikrishna, 2005 | Paleogene Eocene Lutetian | India Gujarat | WoRMS 470478 | |
Gontar, 1982 | Recent | North Pacific | WoRMS 470458 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | California | WoRMS 387447 | |
(Homonym) |
(d'Hondt, 1986) | Recent | New Caledonia | WoRMS 1035376 |
Kataoka, 1961 | Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406219 | |
Hayward & Winston, 2011 | Recent | Antarctic | WoRMS 709373 | |
Winston & Woollacott, 2009 | Recent | West Atlantic - Barbados | WoRMS 534175 | |
Winston, 2005 | Recent | West Atlantic Caribbean | WoRMS 422342 | |
(Hincks, 1884) | Recent | Burma | WoRMS 470459 | |
d'Hondt & Mascarell, 2010 | Recent | Marquesas Is. | WoRMS 843203 | |
(Robertson, 1908) | Recent | California | WoRMS 470461 | |
(Robertson, 1908) | Recent | USA California | WoRMS 851529 | |
(MacGillivray, 1869) | Recent | Southern Australia | WoRMS 470426 | |
Hayami, 1975 | Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406220 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | west North Pacific | WoRMS 470465 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470431 | |
(Robertson, 1908) | Recent | California | WoRMS 868579 | |
(Canu & Bassler, 1920) | Paleogene Eocene Priabonian | USA Carolinas | WoRMS 1412720 | |
Seo, 1992 | Recent | Korea | WoRMS 470446 | |
(Hastings, 1930) | Recent Neogene |
East Pacific Central America |
WoRMS 422343 | |
Madihavan Pillai, 1981 | Recent | Indian Ocean | WoRMS 472721 | |
Baradari, Nasrolahi & Taylor, 2019 | Recent | Persian Gulf | WoRMS 1354164 | |
Winston & Jackson, 2021 | Recent | Caribbean Jamaica | WoRMS 1516122 | |
(Busk, 1884) | Recent | Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia | WoRMS 470398 | |
Harmer, 1957 | Recent | Indonesia | WoRMS 470415 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470474 | |
Parasmittina distincta | Ramalho, Taylor. & Moraes, 2018 | Recent | West Pacific Brazil | WoRMS 1299458 |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Galapagos, E.Pacific | WoRMS 470441 | |
Hayward, 1980 | Recent | South Atlantic | WoRMS 470425 | |
Winston & Jackson, 2021 | Recent | Caribbean Jamaica | WoRMS 1516123 | |
Canu & Bassler, 1928 | Recent | Gulf of Mexico | WoRMS 422344 | |
(Waters, 1909) | Recent | Egypt | WoRMS 470416 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470434 | |
(Maplestone, 1909) | Recent | South Pacific - Gilbert Islands | WoRMS 1035386 | |
Gordon & d'Hondt, 1997 | Recent | Southwest Pacific | WoRMS 470449 | |
d'Hondt, 1986 | Recent | New Caledonia | WoRMS 470443 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470470 | |
Farias, Vieira & Almeida, 2024 | Recent | West Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 1765264 | |
(Harmer 1957) | Recent | Indo-West Pacific, western Australia | WoRMS 470399 | |
Winston, 2005 | Recent | West Atlantic - Caribbean | WoRMS 422345 | |
Osburn, 1952 | Recent | Mexico | WoRMS 470455 | |
Ryland & Hayward, 1992 | Recent | Great Barrier Reef | WoRMS 470404 | |
(Kirkpatrick, 1890) | Recent | South China Sea | WoRMS 1035389 | |
Gordon & d'Hondt, 1997 | Recent | Southwest Pacific | WoRMS 470447 | |
(Thornely, 1912) | Recent | Indian Ocean | WoRMS 220637 | |
Guha & Gopikrishna, 2005 | Paleogene Eocene Lutetian | India Gujarat | WoRMS 470481 | |
Kataoka, 1960 | Recent | Japan | WoRMS 470452 | |
Guha & Gopikrishna, 2005 | Paleogene Eocene Lutetian | India Gujarat | WoRMS 470479 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii, Vanuatu, Indonesia, Australia | WoRMS 470400 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470440 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470476 | |
Winston, 2016 | Recent | Northwest Atlantic USA Florida | WoRMS 868519 | |
(Ortmann, 1890) | Recent | Japan | WoRMS 1035391 | |
(Norman, 1876) | Recent | Arctic | WoRMS 111544 | |
Guha & Gopikrishna, 2005 | Paleogene Eocene Lutetian | India Gujarat | WoRMS 470480 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470438 | |
Canu & Bassler, 1928 | Recent | Gulf of Mexico | WoRMS 470444 | |
(Kirkpatrick, 1888) | Recent | Mauritius, GBR | WoRMS 470405 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | Colombia | WoRMS 387448 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470436 | |
(Ridley, 1881) | Recent | West Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 1765263 | |
(Powell, 1967) | Recent | New Zealand | WoRMS 722988 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | west North Pacific | WoRMS 470463 | |
(Marcus, 1937) | Recent | Atlantic Ocean - St Helena | WoRMS 1035392 | |
Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 | Recent | Southwest Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 827638 | |
Winston & Jackson, 2021 | Recent | Caribbean Jamaica | WoRMS 1516152 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | Alaska | WoRMS 387449 | |
Powell, 1967 | Recent | Southern Australia | WoRMS 470427 | |
Hayward, 1988 | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470419 | |
(Busk, 1884) | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470435 | |
Hayami, 1975 | Neogene Miocene-Pliocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406221 | |
Hayward, 1988 | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470420 | |
Pouyet & Herrera-Anduaga, 1986 | Recent | Mexico | WoRMS 422346 | |
Souto, Ramalhosa & Canning-Clode, 2016 | Recent | East Atlantic Madeira | WoRMS 888472 | |
(Hincks, 1884) | Recent | Australia | WoRMS 422347 | |
(Kirkpatrick, 1888) | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470421 | |
(Harmer, 1957) | Recent | Indo-Pacific Indonesia | WoRMS 470412 | |
O'Donoghue, 1957 | Recent | Indian Ocean South Africa | WoRMS 470453 | |
(Verrill, 1875) | Recent | S. Atlantic | WoRMS 422348 | |
Hayward & Cook, 1983 | Recent | South Africa | WoRMS 470429 | |
(Waters, 1889) | Recent | Australia | WoRMS 470460 | |
Winston, 2016 | Recent | Northwest Atlantic USA Florida | WoRMS 868520 | |
Hayami, 1975 | Neogene Miocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406222 | |
Ryland & Hayward, 1992 | Recent | Great Barrier Reef | WoRMS 470406 | |
(Thornely, 1912) | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470422 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470471 | |
(Harmer, 1957) | Recent | Indonesia | WoRMS 470414 | |
(Livingstone, 1926) | Recent | Great Barrier Reef | WoRMS 470428 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470437 | |
(Audouin, 1826) | Recent | Gulf of Suez | WoRMS 111545 | |
Hayward & Parker, 1994 | Recent | southern Australia | WoRMS 470401 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470475 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470433 | |
Hayward & Parker, 1994 | Recent | southern Australia | WoRMS 470402 | |
Kataoka, 1961 | Neogene Pliocene-Pleistocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406223 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | west North Pacific | WoRMS 470468 | |
Kataoka, 1961 | Neogene Pleistocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406224 | |
(Okada & Mawatari, 1937) | Recent | Japan | WoRMS 470457 | |
(Thornely, 1905) | Recent | West Africa, Indian Ocean | WoRMS 220639 | |
Moyano, 1983 | Recent | Chile | WoRMS 470451 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | NW USA | WoRMS 387450 | |
Seo, 2002 | Recent | Northwest Pacific - Korea | WoRMS 387451 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470439 | |
(Audouin, 1826) | Recent | Gulf of Suez | WoRMS 111546 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | Northwest Pacific - China | WoRMS 470467 | |
Hayward, 1988 | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470423 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | California | WoRMS 387452 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470472 | |
(Kirkpatrick, 1888) | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470424 | |
(Calvet, 1902) | Recent | Mediterranean | WoRMS 221563 | |
(Canu, 1913) | Neogene Miocene Burdigalian | France | WoRMS 1412721 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | California | WoRMS 387453 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Pacific, Caribbean | WoRMS 470407 | |
Harmelin, Bitar & Zibrowius, 2009 | Recent | Lebanon | WoRMS 470483 | |
Hayami, 1975 | Neogene Pliocene | Japan | WoRMS 1406225 | |
Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 | Recent | Southwest Atlantic Brazil | WoRMS 827639 | |
Hayward & Parker, 1994 | Recent | Australia, Indo-west Pacific | WoRMS 470403 | |
Scholz & Cusi, 1993 | Recent | Indo-Pacific | WoRMS 932838 | |
(Smitt, 1873) | Recent | Hawai’i | WoRMS 422349 | |
Gluhak, Lewis & Popijak, 2007 | Recent | Northwest Pacific - Taiwan | WoRMS 472903 | |
Harmelin, Bitar & Zibrowius, 2009 | Recent | Lebanon | WoRMS 470484 | |
(Harmer, 1957) | Recent | Indonesia | WoRMS 470413 | |
(Calvet, 1906) | Recent | Cape Verde | WoRMS 470482 | |
Denisenko, 2015 | Recent | Arctic Chukotsk Sea | WoRMS 884395 | |
(Canu & Bassler, 1920) | Paleogene Oligocene Rupelian | USA, Europe | WoRMS 1412722 | |
(Mawatari, 1952) | Recent | Japan | WoRMS 470456 | |
Soule & Soule, 2002 | Recent | Mexico | WoRMS 470462 | |
(Johnston, 1838) | Recent | Europe | WoRMS 111547 | |
Kataoka, 1957 | Neogene Pliocene | Japan | WoRMS 1414956 | |
(Canu & Bassler, 1929) | Recent | Pacific west Philippines | WoRMS 1035398 | |
(Androsova, 1958) | Recent | North Pacific - Sakhalin | WoRMS 472718 | |
Lu, 1991 | Recent | west North Pacific | WoRMS 472720 | |
(Waters, 1909) | Recent | Mauritius, W.Africa, Indonesia, Australia, Mediterranean | WoRMS 111548 | |
Tilbrook, 2006 | Recent | Pacific west - Solomon Is. | WoRMS 470473 | |
(Kirkpatrick, 1888) | Recent | Mauritius | WoRMS 470409 | |
Osburn, 1952 | Recent | California, Mexico | WoRMS 470445 | |
Ryland & Hayward, 1992 | Recent | Great Barrier Reef | WoRMS 470408 | |
Soule & Soule, 1973 | Recent | Hawaii | WoRMS 470432 | |
Lu, Nie & Zhong in Lu, 1991 | Recent | Indo-Pacific including Australia | WoRMS 470469 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | Northwest Pacific - China | WoRMS 470466 | |
Winston & Jackson, 2021 | Recent | Caribbean Jamaica | WoRMS 1516157 | |
Liu, 2001 | Recent | Northwest Pacific - China | WoRMS 470464 |
Parasmittina alanbanneri (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina areolata (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina avicularissima (Thanks to Matt Dick) |
Parasmittina circularis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
|
Parasmittina crosslandi | Parasmittina delicatula | Parasmittina dolabrata (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina emersoni (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
|
Parasmittina hastingsae (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina ilioensis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina kauaiensis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina leviavicularia (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
|
Parasmittina marsupialis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina parsevaliformis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina parsloeparsloei - A colour photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes is available. |
Parasmittina parviuncinata (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
|
Parasmittina raigiformis (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina serrula (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina soulesi (Thanks to Matt Dick) |
Parasmittina trianguliforma (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
Parasmittina uncinata (Thanks to Dr D. Soule) |
This information is based upon various sources, but little personal knowledge. I am
indebted to the late Alan Horowitz for his compilation, and to Dr. J. Pachut.
I would be grateful for corrections to, or critical reviews of this information.
This is not a 'final' version (an impossible ideal), but a working document.
Parasmittina page at NMITA
Parasmittina trispinosa at Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland.
Parasmittina jeffreysi at Atlas of Arctic Bryozoa - Piotr Kuklinski.
Parasmittina trispinosa at Atlas of Arctic Bryozoa - Piotr Kuklinski.